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- $Unique_ID{BRK03864}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Ichthyosis, CHILD Syndrome}
- $Subject{Ichthyosis, CHILD Syndrome Congenital Hemidysplasia with
- Ichthyosiform erythroderma and Limb Defects Disorders of Cornification 16
- (Unilateral Hemidysplasia Type) DOC 16 (Unilateral Hemidysplasia Type)
- Unilateral Ichthyosiform Erythroderma with Ipsilateral Malformations,
- especially Absence Deformity of Limbs Ichthyoses Conradi-Hunermann Syndrome}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1988, 1989, 1992, 1993 National Organization for Rare
- Disorders, Inc.
-
- 549:
- Ichthyosis, CHILD Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (CHILD Syndrome) is not the
- name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing on the next page to
- find alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Congenital Hemidysplasia with Ichthyosiform erythroderma and Limb Defects
- Disorders of Cornification 16 (Unilateral Hemidysplasia Type)
- DOC 16 (Unilateral Hemidysplasia Type)
- Unilateral Ichthyosiform Erythroderma with Ipsilateral Malformations,
- especially Absence Deformity of Limbs
-
- Information on the following disorders can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Conradi-Hunermann Syndrome
- Ichthyoses
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- CHILD Syndrome (an acronym for Congenital Hemidysplasia with
- Ichthyosiform erythroderma and Limb Defects) is an inherited disorder
- characterized by skin abnormalities and limb defects on one side of the body.
- Abnormalities of other parts of the body may also be present.
-
- Symptoms
-
- CHILD Syndrome (Congenital Hemidysplasia with Ichthyosiform erythroderma and
- Limb Defects) is usually present at birth, though it may start during the
- first month of life. The skin is usually dry, itchy, red and scaly
- (ichthyosiform erythroderma) on one side of the body, although minor skin
- involvement in the shape of lines or segments may occur on the opposite side
- of the body. Bands of normal skin may be found on the affected side.
- Patients with CHILD Syndrome may be bald on one side of the head and have
- clawlike nails.
-
- Limb defects usually occur on the same side as the major skin symptoms,
- ranging from underdevelopment of fingers and toes to complete absence of the
- limb. Underdevelopment of other bones may also occur on the affected side in
- some cases. Stippled ends of the long bones (epiphyses) have been noted on
- x-ray photos in some newborn babies with CHILD Syndrome.
-
- Abnormalities of the central nervous system, heart, blood vessels,
- kidneys, thyroid and adrenal glands, and of the reproductive and urinary
- system may also occur. Most of these abnormalities result from
- underdevelopment of the affected side of the body.
-
- Causes
-
- CHILD Syndrome is a hereditary disorder transmitted through x-linked dominant
- genes. (In X-linked dominant disorders the female with only one X chromosome
- affected will develop the disease. However the affected male always has a
- more severe condition. Sometimes affected males die before birth so that
- only female patients survive.
-
- Affected Population
-
- CHILD Syndrome predominantly affects females, and is usually present at
- birth.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders may resemble those of CHILD Syndrome.
- Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Conradi-Hunermann Syndrome is a form of Chondrodysplasia Punctata. It is
- a rare inherited disorder affecting infants and young children. This
- disorder is characterized by mild to moderate growth deficiencies including a
- shortened neck and slowed growth of arms or legs. Unusual facial
- characteristics, large skin pores and sparse hair that tends to be coarse may
- also occur. (For more information, choose "Conradi-Hunermann Syndrome" as
- your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- "Ichthyoses" or "Disorders of Cornification" are general terms describing
- a group of scaly skin disorders. They are characterized by an abnormal
- accumulation of large amounts of dead skin cells (squames) in the top layer
- of the skin. The conversion of an abnormally large number of epidermal cells
- into squamous cells is thought to be caused by a defect in the metabolism of
- skin cells known as "corneocytes" or of the fat-rich matrix around these
- cells. The cells can be thought of as bricks, while the matrix would be the
- mortar holding these cells together. (See "Ichthyosis" in the Rare Disease
- Database.)
-
- Other forms of Ichthyosis include Sjogren-Larsson Syndrome, Netherton
- Syndrome, Ichthyosis Hystrix, Lamellar Ichthyosis, Refsum Syndrome, Darier
- Disease, Chanarin-Dorfman Syndrome, and Epidermolytic Hyperkeratosis.
- (Choose the appropriate name as your search term for more information on that
- disorder in the Rare Disease Database.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Skin (dermatologic) symptoms of CHILD Syndrome are treated by applying skin
- softening (emollient) ointments, preferably plain petroleum jelly. This can
- be especially effective after bathing while the skin is still moist.
- Salicylic acid gel is another particularly effective ointment. The skin
- should be covered at night with an airtight, waterproof dressing when this
- ointment is used. Lactate lotion can also be an effective treatment for the
- skin symptoms of this disorder.
-
- Drugs derived from Vitamin A (retinoids) such as tretinoin, motretinide,
- and etretinate can be effective against dermatologic symptoms of CHILD
- Syndrome, but can cause toxic effects on the bones in some cases. A
- synthetic derivative of Vitamin A, isotretinoin (accutane), when taken by
- pregnant women, can cause severe birth defects to the fetus. These Vitamin A
- compounds have not yet been approved by the Food and Drug Administration
- (FDA) for treatment of Ichthyosis.
-
- Other treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Genetic counseling may be
- helpful to families of patients with CHILD Syndrome.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- The National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases is
- looking for patients with various kinds of Ichthyosis willing to participate
- in research aimed at mapping the genes responsible for their disorder.
- Interested persons may contact:
-
- Dr. Sherri Bale
- National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 402-2679
-
- The orphan product Monolaurin (Glylorin) is being tested for treatment of
- CHILD Syndrome. The product is manufactured by:
-
- Cellegy Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
- 371 Bel Marin Keys, Suite 210
- Novato, CA 94949
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- May 1993. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on CHILD Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- Foundation for Ichthyosis and Related Skin Types, Inc. (F.I.R.S.T.)
- P.O. Box 20921
- Raleigh, NC 27619-0921
- (919) 782-5728
- (800) 545-3286
-
- The National Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)
- Information Clearinghouse
- Box AMS
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 495-4484
-
- For information on genetics and genetic counseling referrals, please
- contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
-
- References
-
- GENETICALLY TRANSMITTED, GENERALIZED DISORDERS OF CORNIFICATION. THE
- ICHTHYOSES: M.L. Williams, et al.; Dermatol Clin (January 1987: issue 5(1)).
- Pp. 155-178.
-
- THE CHILD-SYNDROME--CONGENITAL HEMIDYSPLASIA WITH ICHTHYOSIFORM
- ERYTHRODERMA AND LIMB DEFECTS. A CASE REPORT: J.V. Christiansen, et al.;
- Acta Derm Venereol (Stockholm) (1984: issue 64(2)). Pp. 165-168.
-
- THE CHILD SYNDROME. CONGENITAL HEMIDYSPLASIA WITH ICHTHYOSIFORM
- ERYTHRODERMA AND LIMB DEFECTS: R. Happle, et al.; Eur J Pediatr (June 1980:
- issue 134(1)). Pp. 27-33.
-
- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 7th ed: Victor A. McKusick; Johns Hopkins
- University Press, 1986. P. 1400.
-
- THE METABOLIC BASIS OF INHERITED DISEASE, 5th ed.: John B. Stanbury, et
- al., eds.; McGraw Hill, 1983. Pp. 1027-1039.
-
-